The Benefits of Bodyweight Training
While fancy new gym equipment and trendy fitness classes come and go, we’ll always have a tool that we can exercise with at any time and in any place: our own bodies. Bodyweight training (or strength training exercises that do not require free weights or machines) ranked second on The American College of Sports Medicine’s survey of the top 20 global fitness trends for 2014. http://bit.ly/1c9LVTC Even though this is only the second year that bodyweight training has made it on the list, using our own body’s weight to stay in shape is nothing new.
Some people may be skeptical of a workout that uses no expensive machines or heavy weights, but research shows bodyweight workouts improve strength, endurance, and power, and–if done right–can burn through major calories. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197203 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17909408 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21873902 Read on for some convincing reasons to incorporate bodyweight exercise into your workout routine.
Six Bodyweight Benefits
Convenient: Adding weight to a workout has benefits. But using your own bodyweight trumps dumbbells and barbells for convenience. With your own two hands and feet (and everything in between), you can accomplish a sweaty and effective workout anywhere–your living room, a hotel room, or outdoors in a minimal space. Some bodyweight workouts can be intensified with an on-hand prop, such as a chair, but it’s not a necessity.
Inexpensive: Although bodyweight moves can be performed at a gym, all you really need is your own body. At-home workouts also mean fewer social distractions.
Efficient: With no dumbbells, kettlebells, or barbells in the way, transitioning from one move to the next takes little time. With less rest, your heart rate maintains its elevated level, an important factor for calorie burn. Bodyweight workouts are essentially interval training, meaning alternating bursts of intense activity with periods of no- or low-intensity activity. This has been shown to be more efficient than steady-state cardio.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2991639/
Customizable: Exercise machines are limited in range of use by their settings, but bodyweight exercises have a multitude of modifications for any fitness level. Take the push-up: varieties range from knees-on-the ground all the way to clap and handstand push-ups.
Multifaceted: There’s a reason the squat and push-up are recommended exercise: Both are compound movements, meaning they engage multiple joints and work more than one muscle group at a time.http://www.musclehack.com/do-compound-exercises-really-build-more-muscle/
Heart-Pumping and Strengthening: One of the most important benefits of bodyweight exercise is its ability to improve your cardiovascular endurance and muscle strength all at once. Frequently changing your position keeps the heart rate elevated, while body weight and gravity work together to strengthen muscles. One small study showed just one bout of 10 sets of 10 squat-jumps produced beneficial change in muscle fibers.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22889657
Bodyweight Moves to Replace Machines and Dumbbells
Your gym’s collection of exercise machines is designed to target each and every muscle group. But while free weight and bodyweight exercise require balance and stability, most machines force the body to move weight on a stable, single plane. This type of movement can be unnatural and taxing on the joints. Machines can also have a more limited range of motion when compared to non-machine work, so you may not get as much out of each rep.
Bodyweight exercises focus on the body’s natural movements–pushing and pulling–and have fewer limitations to that range of motion. There are dozens of bodyweight moves that can replace your favorite gym equipment, but here are a few of our favorites.
Replace the Leg Press with a Single-Leg Squat
Also known as the pistol squat, this move is super-challenging even without added weight.
How to:
Stand with arms extended out in front for balance. Extend one leg toward the front wall (as straight as feels comfortable) and slowly squat down with the standing leg. Keep the back straight and try not to let the knee of the standing leg pass the toes. Raise the body back to standing. To make the move easier, try a few reps gently resting a hand on the back of a chair, or place a chair behind you and just barely tap the butt on the edge between each rep.
Replace the Seated Chest Press Machine with Push-Ups
This replacement engages the whole body in the push-up, not just the chest muscles.
How to:
Start in the plank position with the hands below the shoulders, just outside the chest. Slowly lower the body downward until the chest just barely touches the floor—the lower the better. Keep the elbows close to the body, the back flat (the butt shouldn’t spike up toward the ceiling and the lower back shouldn’t dip toward the floor). Press the body back up to the start position; focus on driving through the hands and keep the core engaged. Make push-ups more challenging by adding a clap between reps, lifting one leg at a time, or placing the toes on a higher surface (like a chair, coffee table, or bench).
Replace Tricep Push-Downs with Tricep Dips
Triceps are an often-forgotten arm muscle, so they need attention. While the tricep push-down machine can feel pretty awkward and unnatural, dips are a customizable move that will have you feeling the burn after only a few reps.
How to:
A variation of the tricep dip can be performed on the ground by bending and extending the elbows. But for an increased range of motion, use an elevated surface such as a stable chair, table, or windowsill. Start by sitting on the edge of a chair, heels of the hands resting on the front edge. Slide the butt off the seat, holding up the bodyweight with the hands. Slowly lower the butt straight toward the floor while simultaneously bending the arms. Keep the elbows tucked in (not bowed out). For beginners, the knees can remain at a 90-degree angle throughout the move. Play with foot positioning: move the feet out, extend the legs, or try lifting one leg at a time. Whichever version you stick with, make sure to keep the back close to the chair and nearly parallel with the chair’s legs.
Replace the Assisted Pull-Up Machine with a Pull-up
The assisted pull-up machine is a great way to ease into a more challenging pull-up. While this move requires equipment, a pull-up bar can be fairly inexpensive and well worth the investment. It enables you to complete a multitude of pull-up and chin-up variations that target different muscle groups in the arms, back, and abs.
How to:
Grip the bar with palms facing away from you, arms straight. Squeeze the shoulder blades back and down. With control, pull the body up toward the bar (for beginners, using a little momentum is okay) until the chin just passes the top of the bar. Squeeze the glutes at the top of the move, then slowly lower back down to the start position. Beginners can start pull-up training with a chair for assistance. Place the chair below the bar and rest the toes on the edge of the seat. Gradually place the chair further away from the bar, so the legs have to extend to reach it, until you can complete a pull-up or two without that extra stability.
Optional Equipment to Amp up Your Bodyweight Routine
Adding extra gear can produce a more challenging and effective bodyweight workout. By elevating parts of the legs or hanging from a bar, the body has to work harder against gravity or resistance to press and pull through a greater range of motion.
Chair: Great for dips, decline push-ups, Bulgarian split squats, assisted pull-ups, beginner pistol-squats
Wall: Great for wall-sits, wall push-ups, assisted handstand push-ups
Pull-up Bar: Great for pull-ups, chin-ups, hanging leg lifts, hanging side crunches
Suspension Straps: Great for inverted rows, suspended plank, suspended chest presses, suspended lunges
Playground: Great for monkey-bar pull-ups, bench dips, bench step-ups, swing rows
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